Which of the following is considered a preventive control?

Updating antivirus software is classified as a preventive control because it actively prevents malware and other malicious software from infecting systems. By keeping antivirus definitions current, organizations can safeguard against new and emerging threats before they cause harm. For this reason, regularly updating antivirus software is an essential proactive measure within a comprehensive security strategy aimed at protecting sensitive data and maintaining system integrity.

Other choices, while important aspects of a security framework, do not fit the definition of preventive controls. For instance, performing a security audit typically assesses the effectiveness of existing security measures and is thus more of a detective control. Recovering from a data breach is a reactive measure, addressing the aftermath rather than preventing future incidents. Analyzing system vulnerabilities is more diagnostic as it aims to identify weaknesses that could be exploited, but it does not directly intervene to prevent attacks from occurring.